Casingena, C, Czerny, C, Paterson, L and Carter, P, 2019. Oxidation of a refractory gold concentrate using pressure, atmospheric and bacterial oxidation processes, in Proceedings World Gold 2019, p 681 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).
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The refractory ore must be destroyed or attacked by chemical means with the use of oxidative processes, such as oxidation by roasting [2], pressure oxidation [3], bio-oxidation [4], and ultrafine ...
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Provided is a method for treating refractory gold-bearing ores that have both sulfide material with which the gold is associated and from which the gold is difficult to separate and having organic carbonaceous material having an affinity for at least one of gold and a gold complex. the mineral material is pressure oxidized in the presence of a halogen-containing material in a manner to reduce ...
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An investigation of pressure, atmospheric and bacterial oxidation processes for the treatment of a refractory gold concentrate by . chris casingena, chad czerny and paul carter (formerly) sgs mineral metallurgy, australia . corresponding authors . chad czerny. chris casingena . presenter . chad czerny. abstract
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“pressure oxidation was selected as the most feasible processing technology for double refractory ores. it is able to achieve gold recoveries of 96% by utilising high temperatures, elevated pressure and oxygen to recover encapsulated gold, while conventional cyanidation methods would result in sub-optimal recovery rates of 20-40%.
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Jun 01, 2020 biological oxidation, chemical oxidation, pressure oxidation, and roasting oxidation are now using for the pretreatment of refractory gold concentrates (li et al., 2009; su et al., 2010; wang et al., 2019), among which the pressure oxidation is the most promising (zhang et al., 2016b). the other alternative is to search for non-cyanide lixiviants.
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Aug 19, 2020 for the processing of free-milling ores to refractory gold ores, metso outotec offers end-to-end process solutions including comminution, flotation, pressure oxidation, bio-oxidation (biox ...
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It made pulp density reached 40% even 50%, was applied to refractory gold ore bearing lo-w grade sulfide. a. mazuelos, etc. have designed a flooded packed bed reactor. 25) the reactor separates bacterial oxidation on fe +2 from bacteria and ferric iron oxidation on refractory gold ores, and improves the efficiency of bioreactor.
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Four iron-sulphide-containing gold ores from the white mountain mine in the jilin province, china were studied to examine the benefits of using oxidative treatment prior to conventional cyanidation to leach gold. this pre-treatment consisted of bubbling air into an ore/water mixture for eight hours while adding enough caustic sodium hydroxide to maintain a ph of 11 throughout the test. three ...
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H. huang, c. jiang, and p. sun, “a mechanism study on technology of pretreatment of refractory gold ores by alkaline hot-pressure oxidation,” rare met, 02 (2003), 249–253. google scholar 14.
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Pressure oxidation our third method for refractory ore pre-treatment involves oxidation within an autoclave at elevated temperatures and pressures. this is referred to as pressure oxidation (pox). gold laden ore is pulverized to a similar consistency as found with bio-oxidation …
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Pressure oxidation of gold containing concentrates and ores is an effective pretreatment for liberating refractory gold. this is particularly true when an appreciable portion of the gold is associated with sulfides and is not amenable to conventional cyanidation. a brief review of the literature on pressure oxidation of refractory gold materials is presented.
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Pressure oxidation of refractory gold ores the pressure oxidation pressure oxidation is employed to liberate gold and silver in refractory sulfide concentrates often and ores. the main pressure oxidation products from iron sulfide minerals are sulfuric acid (and metal sulfates) and hematite.
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Aug 01, 1999 sulphur oxidation the results of pressure oxidation and cyanidation tests [7] are given in figures 4 to 8. these results show that the recovery of gold after pressure oxidation is proportional to the sulphur oxidised, suggesting the pre-treatment of refractory gold concentrates 869 amenability of pyritic sulphur to oxidation.
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(2015). pilot plant pressure oxidation of refractory gold-silver concentrate from eldorado gold corporation's certej project in romania. canadian metallurgical quarterly: vol. …
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Pressure oxidation (pox) leaching has been commercially applied to refractory gold ores since the 1980s. in the process, sulphide material is oxidised and dissolved in order to release the gold encapsulated in the sulphide matrix, making the gold available for further recovery.
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The proportion of known refractory gold resources relative to overall gold resources, is increasing year on year throughout the world. albion oxidation process the albion oxidation process which was developed in australia and is patented by a subsidiary of global mining group, glencore plc.
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A major revolution in gold processing was the pressure oxidation of refractory, pyritic ores. in these ores, gold is chemically entrained in sulfides which require oxidation prior to standard cyanidation techniques. many of these plants were built in the western united states in …
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Are driven by the gold recovery rate. the pre-treatment of refractory gold ore should increase the gold recovery rate in the cyanide leach process by 30-40% in order to be economical” “large operations tend to choose roasting or pressure oxidation, while smaller operations tend to select bacterial leaching,” says dr fleming. “other
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Pressure oxidation of pyrite-arsenopyrite refractory gold concentrate 105 350 kpa, 15%) or increased very slowly (test 3, 165 c, 1050 kpa, 5%). at higher tem-perature and oxygen pressure the oxygen consumption was more rapid and reached a steady level in 55–60 minutes (test 9 i, 195 c, 700 kpa, 10%). at highest temperature
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Roasting is the only commercialised process in zimbabwe for the pre-treatment of refractory gold feedstocks for the subsequent cyanidation leaching. this process results in only about 75% gold recovery and is characterised by high gold values in the residue. a pressure oxidation process in an autoclave has been evaluated as an alternative. the process resulted in substantially higher gold ...
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Pressure oxidation (pox) is a process used to extract gold, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and uranium from refractory ore bodies. the pox process utilizes elevated temperatures (roughly 230 degrees celsius), elevated pressures (roughly 35 bar or 510 psi), and oxygen to liberate the minerals from refractory …
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Challenges. polymetal international inc. is undertaking the amursk pox hub expansion to recover gold from double-refractory (high carbon) sulphide concentrate from five of their mines in siberia, eastern russia, and east kazakhstan. the project will double polymetal’s concentrate treatment capacity to 250,000-300,000 t/a of refractory gold concentrate.
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Pressure oxidation technology for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates has been deployed in some countries. shuiyindong gold deposit is one of the carlin-type deposits which is a typical difficult-to-treat gold deposit, located in guizhou province in western china. it was the first application of acid pressure oxidation in china.
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Pressure oxidation is also not an obvious choice in these situations, as the carbonaceous material has the potential to become even more active as an adsorbent for gold cyanide after this treatment the effect of preg-robbing can be partially overcome by the use of cil rather than cip, provided the activated carbon used in cil is more “active ...
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Csiro, australia, has developed a thiosulfate-based reagent system for gold leaching that has excellent stability and shown broad applicability in the laboratory compared to the thiosulfate system commercially implemented by barrick to treat double refractory gold ore following pressure oxidation at its goldstrike mine in nevada, usa.
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Refractory gold ore pretreatment processes continue to receive much attention. this paper compares the relative economics of treating ores by oxygen pressure oxidation, roasting and bacterial oxidation with or without preconcentration by froth flotation. capital and operating cost estimates for each method of pretreatment were prepared and
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The reasons for gold-bearing materials refractory nature and behaviour features of carbonaceous matter during pressure oxidation of concentrates were discussed. the chemical processes that …
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Pressure oxidation (pox), high pressure oxidation (hipox) and activox autoclave leaching are viable industry-standard technologies used to recover gold and other accessory metals. the process is particularly well suited for treating refractory gold ores, which give low recovery when directly leached with cyanide.
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Pressure oxidation of a refractory sulfide concentrate and thiourea leaching of gold and silver from the residues.
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Oxidation of sulfides – liberation of gold and silver most refractory gold ores and sulphide concentrates require some degree of oxidation of the sulphides to liberate gold locked as ‘solid solution’ or as very fine inclusions in the gold bearing sulphide minerals.
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